前言

golang 的安装还是比较友好，两种方式安装：

  • tar包安装
  • 脚本安装

tar包安装

一般是直接上官网下载安装，不同版本功能还不一样，也可以使用脚本来快速安装。

https://golang.org/dl

也可以参考官方安装文档
https://golang.org/doc/install#install

go下载列表

如果需要其他版本

选 Archived versions 可以查看之前的发行版

其他版本

下载和配置环境变量

wget https://go.dev/dl/go1.19.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz
rm -rf /usr/local/go && tar -C /usr/local -xzf go1.19.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz

/etc/profile中添加以下内容

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/src/go/bin

验证一下

go version

脚本安装

开发环境安装通常使用脚本快速安装

创建文件

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touch install.sh
chmod u+x install.sh

添加脚本

脚本会在当前用户下创建 go 目录，写入 .bash_profile 中
VERSION 是版本号

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cat > install.sh <<"EOF"
#!/bin/bash
set -e

VERSION="1.16.4"
[ -z "$GOROOT" ] && GOROOT="$HOME/.go"
[ -z "$GOPATH" ] && GOPATH="$HOME/go"

OS="$(uname -s)"
ARCH="$(uname -m)"

case $OS in
    "Linux")
        case $ARCH in
        "x86_64")
            ARCH=amd64
            ;;
        "armv6")
            ARCH=armv6l
            ;;
        "armv8")
            ARCH=arm64
            ;;
        .*386.*)
            ARCH=386
            ;;
        esac
        PLATFORM="linux-$ARCH"
    ;;
    "Darwin")
        PLATFORM="darwin-amd64"
    ;;
esac

print_help() {
    echo "Usage: bash goinstall.sh OPTIONS"
    echo -e "\nOPTIONS:"
    echo -e "  --remove\tRemove currently installed version"
}

if [ -n "`$SHELL -c 'echo $ZSH_VERSION'`" ]; then
    shell_profile="zshrc"
elif [ -n "`$SHELL -c 'echo $BASH_VERSION'`" ]; then
    shell_profile="bashrc"
fi

PACKAGE_NAME="go$VERSION.$PLATFORM.tar.gz"

if [ "$1" == "--remove" ]; then
    rm -rf "$GOROOT"
    if [ "$OS" == "Darwin" ]; then
        sed -i "" '/# GoLang/d' "$HOME/.${shell_profile}"
        sed -i "" '/export GOROOT/d' "$HOME/.${shell_profile}"
        sed -i "" '/$GOROOT\/bin/d' "$HOME/.${shell_profile}"
        sed -i "" '/export GOPATH/d' "$HOME/.${shell_profile}"
        sed -i "" '/$GOPATH\/bin/d' "$HOME/.${shell_profile}"
    else
        sed -i '/# GoLang/d' "$HOME/.${shell_profile}"
        sed -i '/export GOROOT/d' "$HOME/.${shell_profile}"
        sed -i '/$GOROOT\/bin/d' "$HOME/.${shell_profile}"
        sed -i '/export GOPATH/d' "$HOME/.${shell_profile}"
        sed -i '/$GOPATH\/bin/d' "$HOME/.${shell_profile}"
    fi
    echo "Go removed."
    exit 0
elif [ "$1" == "--help" ]; then
    print_help
    exit 0
elif [ ! -z "$1" ]; then
    echo "Unrecognized option: $1"
    exit 1
fi

if [ -d "$GOROOT" ]; then
    echo "The Go install directory ($GOROOT) already exists. Exiting."
    exit 1
fi

echo "Downloading $PACKAGE_NAME ..."
if hash wget 2>/dev/null; then
    wget https://storage.googleapis.com/golang/$PACKAGE_NAME -O /tmp/go.tar.gz
else
    curl -o /tmp/go.tar.gz https://storage.googleapis.com/golang/$PACKAGE_NAME
fi

if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
    echo "Download failed! Exiting."
    exit 1
fi

echo "Extracting File..."
mkdir -p "$GOROOT"
tar -C "$GOROOT" --strip-components=1 -xzf /tmp/go.tar.gz
touch "$HOME/.${shell_profile}"
{
    echo '# GoLang'
    echo "export GOROOT=${GOROOT}"
    echo 'export PATH=$GOROOT/bin:$PATH'
    echo "export GOPATH=$GOPATH"
    echo 'export PATH=$GOPATH/bin:$PATH'
    echo "export GOBIN=$GOPATH/bin"
} >> "$HOME/.${shell_profile}"

mkdir -p $GOPATH/{src,pkg,bin}
echo -e "\nGo $VERSION was installed into $GOROOT.\nMake sure to relogin into your shell or run:"
echo -e "\n\tsource $HOME/.${shell_profile}\n\nto update your environment variables."
echo "Tip: Opening a new terminal window usually just works. :)"
rm -f /tmp/go.tar.gz
EOF

执行

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sh install.sh
source .bash_profile